全网第一篇！！！基于Stm32的AES128-ECB加密模式--速度更快、功耗更低

STM32 ECB AES128

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发布时间: 2020-01-06

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# 全网第一篇！！！基于Stm32的AES128-ECB加密模式--速度更快、功耗更低
## AES 简述
 AES是一个高级加密标准 。按加密方式分为：AES-128、AES-192、AES-256；按加密模式分为：ECB、CBC、CTR、CFB、OCF。其大致流程是：一个明文+一个密钥生成一个密钥！如下图
![](https://cf05.ickimg.com/bbsimages/202001/c9312e84227aa4cc2c6d41e26f195a11.png)

AES加密原理是【九次四算】+【一次三算】！为什么这样说呢？

AE加密函数执行了九次的“字节代换、行移位、列混合、轮密钥加”，和一次的“字节代换、行移位、轮密钥加”，所以笔者（仅仅是笔者）称为【九次四算】+【一次三算】。如果要详细了解什么是“字节代换、行移位、列混合、轮密钥加”，可以看我上一篇博文《AES-128 ECB加密---一看就懂，图文并茂》。

## 本文目的
上一篇文章，虽然C语言的文件已经实现了AES128-ECB加密与解密的功能，但在含有AES控制器的Stm32单片机，比如：STM32L083CZ,直接用C语言运算，总是有些不靠谱。笔者运行了C语言的AES128加密函数(16个明文、16个key)，利用串口时间戳简易读出时间，得出加密时间为6ms左右！但是利用Stm32控制器，完全读不出来，证明控制解密时间至少是微秒级别的！假设工作电流为20mA，每次多了6ms，漏电就是这么产生的，日积月累，明明一个工作三年的终端活生生变成一年！（比如，只是比如！！！）
所以尤其是基于Stm32开发的低功耗终端类通信项目，为了尽可能地降低功耗；所以引进这篇文章《基于Stm32的AES128-ECB加密模式》。

Stm32 AES控制器描述与特征
![](https://cf05.ickimg.com/bbsimages/202001/4a72db7f0d01beab9ead7f96f6b7f5c0.png)
![](https://cf05.ickimg.com/bbsimages/202001/609e09a68433d9aea1792d1b86029b89.png)
部分译文：

**介绍**

AES硬件加速器（AES）使用完全符合联邦信息处理标准（FIPS）出版物197中定义的高级加密标准（AES）的算法和实现对数据进行加密或解密。

支持多种链接模式（ECB，CBC，CTR），密钥大小为128位。
AES加速器是32位AHB外设。 它支持传入和传出数据的DMA单一传输（需要两个DMA通道）。

AES外设为STM32密码库中打包的AES密码算法提供了硬件加速。
AES是一种AMBA AHB从属外设，只能通过32位字单次访问进行访问（否则将生成AHB总线错误，并且将忽略写访问）。

**AES主要功能**

•128位数据块处理

•支持128位的密码密钥长度
•具有多种链接模式的加密和解密：
		–电子密码本（ECB）模式
		–密码块链接（CBC）模式
		–计数器（CTR）模式

•213个时钟周期延迟，用于处理一个128位数据块

•集成的密钥调度程序及其密钥派生阶段（仅ECB或CBC解密）

•AMBA AHB从属外设，仅可通过32位字单次访问进行访问

•用于存储密钥的128位寄存器（四个32位寄存器）

•用于存储初始化向量的128位寄存器（四个32位寄存器）
	–当在CBC模式下配置AES时，用于初始化向量；在选择CTR模式时，用于32位计数器初始化。

•用于数据输入和输出的32位缓冲器

•自动数据流控制，支持使用两个通道的单传输直接内存访问（DMA）（一个用于输入数据，一个用于处理数据）

•数据交换逻辑，可支持1位，8位，16位或32位数据

## Stm32CubeMX创建AES工程--HAL库创建
**STM32CubeMX版本：**Version 5.4.0
**STM32CubeMX下载地址：**https://www.st.com/en/development-tools/stm32cubemx.html

为了更便于读者有一个直观的了解，笔者做了一个思维导图，更方便在宏观上清楚CubeMX的使用：
![](https://cf05.ickimg.com/bbsimages/202001/5907ad0f46a67eba1036283765a75de5.png)
### 1.工程开始
![](https://cf05.ickimg.com/bbsimages/202001/8569d8d7548b1444d187e79cbb085a97.png)
### 2.芯片选型
![](https://cf05.ickimg.com/bbsimages/202001/da0256e1f6b28058fd34d636f0173653.png)
### 3.RCC设置
为什么说是可选？

因为Stm32可供使用的RCC始终来源分为内部和外部，这里的LSE、HSE，分别是外部高速晶振和外部低速晶振。若你使用的板子是使用内部晶振驱动就无需选择。

![](https://cf05.ickimg.com/bbsimages/202001/4e8db3a239477c66004ce8f56233e053.png)

### 4.Uart选择
按着开发板选择串口，Asynchronous是串口用作异步通信的意思。
![](https://cf05.ickimg.com/bbsimages/202001/4f8eeac656aaf73035b53859b83d8a19.png)

### 5.AES选择
![](https://cf05.ickimg.com/bbsimages/202001/870286764161b2ea4310bc4770838940.png)

### 6.Clock Configuartion（必选）
这个必须按着你自己芯片的参数/时钟树选择，由于笔者使用的是内部RC振荡时钟，所以只需要设置最大晶振频率，32MHz，其他系统自动分配。
![](https://cf05.ickimg.com/bbsimages/202001/bb3d8d33f74f6e6fd923a8244d2d940e.png)

### 7.Project Manager
#### 7.1Project
选择自己的工程名字、生成路经、IDE。
![](https://cf05.ickimg.com/bbsimages/202001/ca16ef8d7064e483007ce8ceb6189a69.png)

#### 7.2Code Generator
![](https://cf05.ickimg.com/bbsimages/202001/ba315241bbe9c3b795d6c3f5d7d58815.png)
右上角，生成代码！

## 例程代码
避坑环节：在执行MX_AES_Init();初始化后，每次加密解密函数的使用前，要进行一次DeInit；否则，AES功能无效。
为了便于让读者测试，固在贴下几个重点文件的代码：
第一个main.c

```c

/@@* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "aes.h"
#include "crc.h"
#include "rng.h"
#include "spi.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/@@* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/

/@@* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);

/@@**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */

extern uint8_t buffer1[16];
extern uint8_t buffer2[16];
extern uint8_t buffer3[16];
int main(void)
{
	
    
		
    int n=0;
    HAL_Init();
    SystemClock_Config();
    
    MX_GPIO_Init();
   
//    MX_CRC_Init();
//    MX_SPI1_Init();
//    MX_RNG_Init();
    MX_USART2_UART_Init();
    MX_USART4_UART_Init();
    HAL_Delay(1000);
    MX_AES_Init();
    ShowHex("Original data is:",buffer1,16);
		ShowHex("AesEncrypt data is:",buffer2,16);
		ShowHex("Decrypt data is:",buffer3,16);

}

/@@**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
    RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
    RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
    RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};

/@@** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
    */
    __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
    /@@** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
    */
    RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLLMUL_4;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLDIV = RCC_PLLDIV_2;
    if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK) {
        Error_Handler();
    }
    /@@** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
    */
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                                  | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_1) != HAL_OK) {
        Error_Handler();
    }
    PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART2 | RCC_PERIPHCLK_USB;
    PeriphClkInit.Usart2ClockSelection = RCC_USART2CLKSOURCE_PCLK1;
    PeriphClkInit.UsbClockSelection = RCC_USBCLKSOURCE_PLL;
    if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK) {
        Error_Handler();
    }
}

/@@**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
		 dPrintfln("Error_Handler!!");
    /@@* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
    /@@* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */

/@@* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/@@**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
    /@@* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
    /@@* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
       tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
    /@@* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /@@* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/@@************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

```
第二个：aes.c
```c
/@@**
  ******************************************************************************
  * File Name          : AES.c
  * Description        : This file provides code for the configuration
  *                      of the AES instances.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2019 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */

/@@* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "aes.h"
#include "usart.h"
/@@* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/@@* USER CODE END 0 */

CRYP_HandleTypeDef hcryp;
uint8_t buffer1[16]="123456781234567";
uint8_t buffer2[16];
uint8_t buffer3[16];
__ALIGN_BEGIN static const uint8_t pKeyAES[16] __ALIGN_END = {
    0x21,0x34,0x56,0x11,0x21,0x34,0x56,0x11,0x21,0x34,0x56,0x11,0x21,0x34,0x56,0x11
};

/@@* AES init function */
void MX_AES_Init(void)
{
		HAL_CRYP_DeInit(&hcryp);
    hcryp.Instance = AES;
    hcryp.Init.DataType = CRYP_DATATYPE_8B;
    hcryp.Init.pKey = (uint8_t *)pKeyAES;
    if (HAL_CRYP_Init(&hcryp) != HAL_OK) {
        Error_Handler();
    }
		
		if(HAL_CRYP_AESECB_Encrypt(&hcryp,buffer1,16,buffer2,5000)){
			  Error_Handler();
		}
		HAL_CRYP_DeInit(&hcryp);

if (HAL_CRYP_Init(&hcryp) != HAL_OK) {
        Error_Handler();
    }
		
		if(HAL_CRYP_AESECB_Decrypt(&hcryp,buffer2,16,buffer3,5000)){
			  Error_Handler();
		}
}

void HAL_CRYP_MspInit(CRYP_HandleTypeDef* crypHandle)
{

if(crypHandle->Instance == AES) {
        /@@* USER CODE BEGIN AES_MspInit 0 */

/@@* USER CODE END AES_MspInit 0 */
        /@@* AES clock enable */
        __HAL_RCC_AES_CLK_ENABLE();
        /@@* USER CODE BEGIN AES_MspInit 1 */

/@@* USER CODE END AES_MspInit 1 */
    }
}

void HAL_CRYP_MspDeInit(CRYP_HandleTypeDef* crypHandle)
{

if(crypHandle->Instance == AES) {
        /@@* USER CODE BEGIN AES_MspDeInit 0 */

/@@* USER CODE END AES_MspDeInit 0 */
        /@@* Peripheral clock disable */
        __HAL_RCC_AES_CLK_DISABLE();
        /@@* USER CODE BEGIN AES_MspDeInit 1 */

/@@* USER CODE END AES_MspDeInit 1 */
    }
}

/@@* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

/@@* USER CODE END 1 */

/@@************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

```
第三个：usart.c
```c
/@@**
  ******************************************************************************
  * File Name          : USART.c
  * Description        : This file provides code for the configuration
  *                      of the USART instances.
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2019 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */

/@@* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "usart.h"

/@@* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/@@* USER CODE END 0 */

UART_HandleTypeDef huart2;
UART_HandleTypeDef huart4;

/@@* USART2 init function */

void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void)
{

huart2.Instance = USART2;
    huart2.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
    huart2.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
    huart2.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
    huart2.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
    huart2.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
    huart2.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
    huart2.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
    huart2.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;
    huart2.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
    if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart2) != HAL_OK) {
        Error_Handler();
    }

}
/@@* USART4 init function */

void MX_USART4_UART_Init(void)
{

huart4.Instance = USART4;
    huart4.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
    huart4.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
    huart4.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
    huart4.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
    huart4.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
    huart4.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
    huart4.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
    huart4.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;
    huart4.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
    if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart4) != HAL_OK) {
        Error_Handler();
    }

}

void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{

GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
    if(uartHandle->Instance == USART2) {
        /@@* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_MspInit 0 */

/@@* USER CODE END USART2_MspInit 0 */
        /@@* USART2 clock enable */
        __HAL_RCC_USART2_CLK_ENABLE();

__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
        /@@**USART2 GPIO Configuration
        PA2     ------> USART2_TX
        PA3     ------> USART2_RX
        */
        GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_2 | GPIO_PIN_3;
        GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
        GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
        GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
        GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF4_USART2;
        HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

/@@* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_MspInit 1 */

/@@* USER CODE END USART2_MspInit 1 */
    }
    else if(uartHandle->Instance == USART4) {
        /@@* USER CODE BEGIN USART4_MspInit 0 */

/@@* USER CODE END USART4_MspInit 0 */
        /@@* USART4 clock enable */
        __HAL_RCC_USART4_CLK_ENABLE();

__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
        /@@**USART4 GPIO Configuration
        PA0     ------> USART4_TX
        PA1     ------> USART4_RX
        */
        GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0 | GPIO_PIN_1;
        GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
        GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
        GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
        GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF6_USART4;
        HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

/@@* USER CODE BEGIN USART4_MspInit 1 */

/@@* USER CODE END USART4_MspInit 1 */
    }
}

void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{

if(uartHandle->Instance == USART2) {
        /@@* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_MspDeInit 0 */

/@@* USER CODE END USART2_MspDeInit 0 */
        /@@* Peripheral clock disable */
        __HAL_RCC_USART2_CLK_DISABLE();

/@@**USART2 GPIO Configuration
        PA2     ------> USART2_TX
        PA3     ------> USART2_RX
        */
        HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_2 | GPIO_PIN_3);

/@@* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_MspDeInit 1 */

/@@* USER CODE END USART2_MspDeInit 1 */
    }
    else if(uartHandle->Instance == USART4) {
        /@@* USER CODE BEGIN USART4_MspDeInit 0 */

/@@* USER CODE END USART4_MspDeInit 0 */
        /@@* Peripheral clock disable */
        __HAL_RCC_USART4_CLK_DISABLE();

/@@**USART4 GPIO Configuration
        PA0     ------> USART4_TX
        PA1     ------> USART4_RX
        */
        HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0 | GPIO_PIN_1);

/@@* USER CODE BEGIN USART4_MspDeInit 1 */

/@@* USER CODE END USART4_MspDeInit 1 */
    }
}

/@@* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
static void SendChar(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart,uint8_t ch,uint32_t timeout)
{
    uint32_t tick=HAL_GetTick()+timeout;
    huart->Instance->TDR=ch;
    while(1){
        if(__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(huart,UART_FLAG_TXE)!=RESET)break;
        if(HAL_GetTick()>tick)break;
    }
}

void UART_SendBuffer(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart,uint8_t *buffer,int length)
{
    while(length--){
        SendChar(huart,*buffer++,10);
    }
}

int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
    //HAL_UART_Transmit(&hbug, (unsigned char *)&ch, 1, 10);
    SendChar(&hbug, ch, 10);
    return ch;
}

//´òÓ¡16½øÖÆÊý¾Ý
void ShowHex(char *name, void *dat, uint32_t size)
{
    uint8_t *pdat = (uint8_t *)dat;
    if(size >= 10000)return;
    dPrintfln(" [ %s ]: size=%d", name, size);
    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < ((size + 15) & (~15)); i++) {
        if(i % 16 == 0)dPrintf("\r\n   ");

if(i < size)dPrintf("%02x ", pdat[i]);
        else dPrintf("   ");

if((i + 1) % 16 == 0) {
            dPrintf("  | ");
            for(int n = 0; n < 16; n++) {
                uint8_t ch;
                ch = pdat[i - 15 + n];
                if(ch < ' ' || ch > '~')ch = '.';
                if((i - 15 + n) < size)dPrintf("%c", ch);
                else dPrintf(" ");
            }
        }
    }
    dPrintf("\r\n");
}
/@@* USER CODE END 1 */

/@@************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

```
工程已经修改好，记得在在对应H文件添加函数的宏便可使用！

### 总结
对于大神来说，AES的使用并不难。但是对于小白来说，这篇文章的使用能有如一个指明灯，让新手快速地用例程测试，完成上级安排的任务，希望这篇文章对你有所收获。感谢阅读

原创作品，未经权利人授权禁止转载。详情见转载须知。举报文章

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